Short Essay On Communism †Government Paper

Short Essay On Communism – Government Paper Free Online Research Papers Short Essay On Communism Government Paper Communism, an extreme socialist idea is defined as â€Å"A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.†-www.dictionary.com During the Industrial Revolution, times for the factory workers were harsh and long. They worked 12 hour or more shifts and got paid a few dollars a week, though the worth of the money was worth much more during the 18th to 19th century. Because factory workers were paid little, they often went on strikes or refused to work. Communism would appeal to them because it’s an idea where everyone shares everything. For example in the factory, the factory would belong to the people and run by the people, not one man or the owner also known as an entrepreneur. Lives in the mills were ruthless compared to the rural life that many farmers had before the Industrial Revolution. The mill owners were savage and forced labor upon small children and their parents sometimes for 12-13 hours at a time in order to maintain high earnings. In a communist government everyone would have to work the same times and but no wages would be given or if they were given; they would be exactly the same. Most likely the hours would be less because their would be no more profits for one particular person over someone else. Research Papers on Short Essay On Communism - Government PaperTwilight of the UAWQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part OneBringing Democracy to Africa

Compare and Contrast Theories essay

Compare and Contrast Theories essay Compare and Contrast Theories essay Compare and Contrast Theories essayHuman beings are rather complex and versatile. On the one hand we have a lot of natural instincts, in the same way like animals; on the other hand, we are sufficiently different from them thanks to our rich inside world. In order to understand the human behavior, the human thought, it is necessary to go deep inside the human nature, which is possible only with the help of various psychological theories. There are some basic theories, but certainly a lot of the new ones are constantly appearing and developing. However general information about all of these theories can contribute greatly to better understanding of the main mechanisms of human brains and emotions, the reasoning for the behavioral types and so on.   Further in this paper we are going to compare and contrast some most well-known and developed theories, including Gestalt Theory, Behavioral Theory REBT and Person Centered.Gestalt psychology came to us from Germany, â€Å"German: Gestal t – essence or shape of an entitys complete form (Nevis, 2000). The main principle of this theory is the ability of human brain to see the general form of an object initially, without splitting it into the constituent parts. There are some laws, according to which, people are able to perceive the concrete objects in this world full of noise and motion. According to Gestalt psychologists, the process of perception is possible thanks to various stimuli. Behaviorist approach concentrated upon understanding of cognitive processes, whereas for Gestalt psychology their organization is of prior importance. â€Å"The gestalt effect is the form-generating capability of our senses, particularly with respect to the visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of just a collection of simple lines and curves† (Nevis, 2000). Structuralism is opposed to Gestalt theory, because it supports the idea, that the whole is not understood as simply the sum of some parts. Development of the key ideas of Gestalt psychology led to working out of Gestalt therapy; here the names of Fritz and Laura Perls are of primary importance. The name of Kurt Goldstein is famous for his application of Gestalt psychology towards the organism functioning. Laura Perls, as well as Fritz Perls, studied Gestalt psychology before starting to work as a psychoanalyst. So, there is certainly some influence upon Gestalt therapy, coming from Gestalt psychology, however, there are a lot of disputes concerning this matter.REBT – rational emotive behavior therapy was called rational emotive therapy. The main aims of this therapy can be summarized as – resolving of emotional and behavioral problems of individuals, in order to assure for them the possibility to lead happy and healthy lives. Albert Ellis is the developer of this therapy, based his approach on the numerous achievements of Greek, Roman and Asian philosophers. REBT is also considered to be a form of cognitive behavio r therapy. The main belief of REBT is based on the idea, which was first expressed by Epictetus people in reality are not upset by the events in their lives, rather by their viewing of these events.Further on we are going to stop briefly on some key concepts of Gestalt and REBT therapies, the main methods used and the ways of cooperation between therapist and a client. The Gestalt approach holds that dwelling on the past and fantasizing about the future can be ways to avoid the present, and that there is power in facing the present (Corey, 2009). Determinism, which is usually defined, as the belief that all the events are the logical and necessary consequences of the past events, is one the key aspects, which need to be considered in Gestalt therapy.  The task of the therapist at this moment is to attract attention of the patient to the present time; usually it is done with the help of typical â€Å"how† and what† questions, for example – What are you doing wi th your hand at the moment?The roots of Gestalt therapy can be traced in the concepts of existential philosophy, studying the condition of being human (Nevis, 2000). Unfortunately a lot of people nowadays have to go through the feelings of isolation, loneliness, confusion and so on. Existential therapy is aimed to help patients to overcome their actual states. All the possible bad life situations should be reconsidered in comparison to the opportunities, people’s lives are able to bring, explaining them, what they gain, being human beings. Therapists do their best to assure patients, that they have their freedom of choice; however, they are bearing the responsibility for their decisions and actions. There are two main approaches applied: experiential and phenomenological, which aim to influence upon the way of experiencing things by the patient. â€Å"Phenomenology is a discipline that helps patients stand aside from their usual way of thinking so that they can distinguish t he difference between what is actually perceived and felt in the current situation and what is due to past events† (Corey, 2009). Phenomenological questions are usually based on the present moment, helping the patients feel the present time, the events, which are taking place in this very moment.As soon as therapists use Gestalt psychology, they should guarantee equal, person-to-person communication with their patients. The techniques, applied during these sessions, need the presence of the therapist. Moreover, some practitioners believe, that the techniques are of less importance than the presence and the process of personal communication. The relations between therapist and patient are usually developed even before starting to use the techniques, because patient needs time to develop trust.Talking about maladjustment in the frames of Gestalt therapy, it is necessary to distinguish the five main disturbances, which are able to contribute to development of it: â€Å"introject ion, projection, retroflection, deflection and confluence† (Nevis, 2000). Individuals are suffering from the feeling, that they can not adjust to the changing environment, can not build their normal interaction with the world around. Also rather negative influence is brought by unfinished business. Often Gestalt therapists see their aim exactly in investigating the roots of patient’s grief, anger, guilt in relation with some unfinished business, which makes the obstacles for complete self-awareness of the patient. REBT therapists see the roots of maladjustment in the way how their patients treat the events and think about the things around them. Life experience, along with individual biological aspects, is responsible for possibility of emotional disturbances.In order to distract from unpleasant reality and the consequent emotional problems, it is necessary to accept the real situation. REBT therapists aim to help their patients in developing three types of acceptance: â€Å"(1) unconditional self-acceptance; (2) unconditional other-acceptance; and (3) unconditional life-acceptance (Velten, 2010). As soon as an individual is able to feel comfortable about such facts that everybody has flaws, along with good points, sometimes people around do not treat each other fairly and life is not always going the way we want, and develop acceptance of them, he is able to go out of emotionally depressed state.Psychoanalytic theory is another approach for identifying the structure of personality and the major driving forces for human behavior. Within the 19th century Sigmund Freud came out with his psychoanalytic theory, based on brain and physiological studies. He stated that childhood events have the primary influence upon the formation of mentality of adult individuals. He presented people, as those having aggressive and sexual drives, making the behavior of them strongly deterministic. â€Å"It is governed by irrational forces, and the unconscious, as wel l instinctual and biological drives. Due to this deterministic nature, psychoanalytic theorists do not believe in free will† (Velten 2010).Alfred Adler, a well-known philosopher and psychiatrist, in his turn suggested investigation of social context for understanding the roots of human psychological problems. He developed the theory of encouragement, stating that a person is able to develop his best sides, when he is encouraged and on the contrary – lack of encouragement can make him act in unhealthy ways. This theory seems to be good rather for children that adults.Between 1940s and 1950s psychologist Carl Rogers developed PCT – a form of talk- psychotherapy – person –centered psychotherapy. The main aim of therapists here is to help their patients develop the sense of self, along with realization of how their attitudes and behavior can be negatively affected (Rogers, 1980). In spite of serious critic from behaviorists, this therapy proved to bring effect and positive results. One of the most strong points of this theory is the presentation of therapist and client as equals. This gives the chance for the client to take the complete responsibility for all improvements in his life and views, whereas in other theories – this role is usually passed to the therapist. The role of the therapist thus is limited to just a friendly counselor. â€Å"If there are any techniques they are listening, accepting, understanding and sharing, which seem more attitude-orientated than skills-orientated† (Rogers, 1980).Overall, having briefly studies several well-known psychological theories, including Gestalt Theory /Behavioral Theory REBT/ Cognitive based, Psychoanalytic, Adler’s and Person Centered approach, we can conclude, that Person Centered approach is the strongest one in developing of potential of people, who in fact are able to find the best ways in their lives; realization, fulfillment, autonomy, self-determination, being the major aims of this therapy are also the key aspects for becoming a happy and self-sufficient personality.

Educational Investigation (a primary school situated in the diverse Essay

Educational Investigation (a primary school situated in the diverse and central part of Hackney) - Essay Example It is a primary school so the students enter in the early years and then study till year 6. There are staff members who nurture and teach the students in a friendly and cooperative manner keeping a healthy and positive atmosphere in the school. The aim of the school is to enable children to become happy, confident, and creative learners and citizens who respect the diversity of the community and develop a friendly and understanding personality towards others. This is one of the most important aspects of an educational institution in a multicultural society that the students are taught the value and importance of a diversified culture (May, 2005, p. 42). It is serving as one of those educational institutions in Britain that meet the needs of the diversified society and welcomes all types of students. A school curriculum is the set of planned activities and objectives that the school prepares at the beginning of every academic year to ensure that the teachers, parents, and students know their progress and their anticipated learning outcomes (White, 2004, p. 16). This school has designed the curriculum which supports the progress and attainment of the student’s speaking and listening skills, reading and writing skills, mathematics skills, and develops a rich model which encompasses science, arts, computers, humanities, physical exercise, wellbeing, and citizenship.

EProcurement Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EProcurement - Article Example The efficiencies in the processes involved diminish organizational performance. To put this in context, one can consider how a product is sold to a customer. The transaction would appear to be simple, with a store selling the product on the shelf. But the process behind this is actually complex involving vast supply chain especially when the organization involved operates globally. It would mean that several players and variables are involved with products changing hands several times, crossing geographic and even political boundaries. Finally, there are the inefficiencies, which aggravate the system further, complicating them even more. They jack up costs affecting all stakeholders in the process. Suppliers, consumers and retailers each incur losses. One could also turn to the case of interoperability to support this further. It pertains to the capability by which different IT systems of firms and individuals communicate and operate. This has been a problematic issue because IT systems have different technical standards, in addition to the differences in policies in the international system with respect to access and release of information. This issue is critical because it affects the deployment and overall processes of e-commerce infrastructure. For example, a company may encounter difficulties in its e-invoicing system if its technical standards have different semantic characteristics with those of its customers or those other firms it transacts with. The semantic layer of an organizations e-procurement system concerns the analysis of data and their meaning and interpretation (Paunovic et al., 2012). Differences in IT systems would mean varying modes of reading and interpreting data, which could impact the way correct informa tion is communicated and interpreted from both ends. There is, hence, for a global standard that can address the inefficiencies of

Using Statistics To Describe A Study Sample Essay Example for Free

Using Statistics To Describe A Study Sample Essay Most studies describe the subjects that comprise the study sample. This description of the sample is called the sample characteristics which may be presented in a table or the narrative of the article. The sample characteristics are often presented for each of the groups in a study (i.e. experimental and control groups). Descriptive statistics are used to generate sample characteristics, and the type of statistic used depends on the level of measurement of the demographic variables included in a study (Burns Grove, 2007). For example, measuring gender produces nominal level data that can be described using frequencies, percentages, and mode. Measuring educational level usually produces ordinal data that can be described using frequencies, percentages, mode, median, and range. Obtaining each subjects specific age is an example of ratio data that can be described using mean, range, and standard deviation. Interval and ratio data are analyzed with the same type of statistics and are usually referred to as interval/ratio level data in this text. RESEARCH ARTICLE Source: Troy, N. W., Dalgas-Pelish, P. (2003). The effectiveness of a self-care intervention for the management of postpartum fatigue. Applied Nursing Research, 16 (1), 38–45. Introduction Troy and Dalgas-Pelish (2003) conducted a quasi-experimental study to determine the effectiveness of a self-care intervention (Tiredness Management Guide [TMG]) on postpartum fatigue. The study subjects included 68 primiparous mothers, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (32 subjects) or the control group (36 subjects) using a computer program. The results of the study indicated that the TMG was effective in reducing levels of morning postpartum fatigue from the 2nd to 4th weeks postpartum. These researchers recommend that â€Å"mothers need to be informed that they will probably experience postpartum fatigue and be taught to assess and manage this phenomenon† (Troy Dalgas-Pelish, 2003, pp. 44-5). Relevant Study Results â€Å"A total of 80 women were initially enrolled [in the study] †¦ twelve of these women dropped out of the study resulting in a final sample of 68.† (Troy   Dalgas-Pelish, 2003, p. 39). The researchers presented the characteristics of their sample in a table format for the experimental and control groups (see Table 1). The researchers found no significant differences between the control and experimental groups for any of the demographic or attribute variables. TABLE 1 Sample Characteristics by Group STUDY QUESTIONS 1. What demographic variables were included in this study? 2. Which of the demographic variables provided ordinal level data? Provide a rationale for your answer. 3. What level of measurement is the data for race? 4. What statistics were used to describe race in this study? Were these appropriate? 5. Could a mean be calculated on the race data? Provide a rationale for your answer. 6. Describe the race of both the experimental and control groups. What does this tell you about the population of this study? 7. What statistics were used to describe age in this study? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer. 8. Were the groups similar in age? Provide a rationale for your answer. 9. What was the mode for the type of feeding provided by the experimental and the control groups? Is this mode what you would have expected? 10. Did the experimental group earn similar income to the control group? Provide a rationale for your answer. ANSWERS TO STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Demographic variables described in the study were: age, income, length of labor, return to work, number of hours working per week, race, marital status, education, type of feeding, and amount of household and infant care responsibilities. 2. The variables education and amount of household and infant care responsibilities are both measured at the ordinal level since the data for each is sorted into categories that can be rank ordered. With education, high school is the lowest level of education, some college is the next level of education, and college graduate or higher is the highest level of education. Care responsibilities include ordinal data that are ranked from a low of â€Å"None† to a high of â€Å"All.† 3. The data collected for race is nominal level since race was measured using mutually exclusive categories of White, Black, Interracial, and Middle Eastern that cannot be rank ordered.  4. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe race for the exper imental and control groups. Since the data are nominal, frequencies and percentages were appropriate. The researchers might have also identified the mode, which was White. 5. No, a mean cannot be calculated on the race data. A mean can only be calculated on interval and ratio level data that have numerically equal distances between intervals and not on nominal level data that can only be organized into categories. (See Exercises 1, 2, and 3, which are focused on identifying the level of measurements.) 6. Both the experimental and control groups are predominantly White, 92% and 96.55%, respectively. Thus, the sample is predominately White, and the results are reflective of a White or Caucasian population and not Black, Interracial, or Middle Eastern populations. 7. Age was described for both the experimental and control groups using means and standard deviations. The exact age of the subjects was obtained, providing ratio level data that are descriptively analyzed with means and standard deviations. The researchers might have also provided the range for age for both experimental and control groups. 8. The groups were very similar in age since the mean age for the experimental group was 26.72 and the mean age for the control group was 26.89. The distribution of the ages for the experimental and control groups were also very similar, with standard deviation of 5.05 for the experimental group and 5.25 for the control group. 9. Bottle-feeding was the mode for the experimental (53.1%) and the control (50%) groups since it was the most frequent type of feeding used by both groups. Either a â€Å"no† or â€Å"yes† answer is correct here as long as you provide a rationale. No, one might expect the mode to be breastfeeding since these were first-time mothers (primiparous) and breastfeeding has such positive outcomes for both infant and mother. Yes, one might expect bottle-feeding to be the mode since many of these mothers planned on returning to work. 10. No, the incomes were not similar for the two groups, but nor was the income significantly different for the groups. The means (M) and standard deviations (SD) for income indicate that the experimental (M = $35,675; SD = $23,969) and control groups (M = $41,450; SD = $17,527) were different. The control group subjects had an M, or mean, that was $5,775 higher than the experimental group, and the SD was much higher ($6,442) for the experimental group, indicating a larger range of incomes for that group. However, the narrative from the study indicated  that the groups were not significantly different for any of the demographic variables. 1. What demographic variables were measured at least at the interval level of measurement? 2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate? 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. 4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. 5. Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer. 6. What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and control groups? Provide both the frequency and percentage for the marital status mode for both groups. 7980 7. Could a median be determined for the education data? If so, what would the median be for education for the experimental and the control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer. 8. Can the findings from this study be generalized to Black women? Provide a rationale for your answer. 9. If there were 32 subjects in the experimental group and 36 subjects in the control group, why is the income data only reported for 30 subjects in the experimental group and 34 subjects in the control group? 10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer.

intro to philosophy :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Intro to Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paper #2 Question 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet also known as the â€Å"information superhighway of the world†, is increasingly becoming the most prevalent form in which to gather and distribute information. This issue brings up a number of moral dilemmas concerning the lack of censorship and editorial monitoring in this immense communication system. Some of the questions that have arisen are whether or not freedom of speech should be controlled, to an extent, and if so where would those barriers be drawn. Also, should the truth behind Internet publications be monitored, access to inappropriate material be denied to certain individuals, and should laws be passed to prevent the exploitation of unknowing bystanders. These issues are not only controversial but also extremely complicated to pursue through legal terms and justifications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Amendment of the Constitution grants everyone in the United States the freedom of speech and press, thus the Internet phenomenon is protected regardless of the perverse nature which it is capable of presenting. Ultimately, it is possible for anyone to express his or her own beliefs, whether considered true or not, through the Internet. This in turn leads many unsuspecting youths and even some adults to believe the â€Å"lies† they read just because it is out there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Stuart Mill’s work, On Liberty explains Mill’s notion of freedom and his justifications behind his concepts. This work was originally published in 1859 but due to its advanced theories it is possible to apply these conceptions to the moral dilemmas the Internet possess. Mill’s philosophies are considered utilitarianistic, this means that the value something possesses is determined by its utility, also actions should be directed toward achieving the greatest happiness for the largest group of people. With this in mind we can further understand Mill’s theories on liberty, freedom and whether they should be controlled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mill’s explains that freedom of speech and expression are essential to the mental well being of mankind. To refuse a person the right to express their opinion because it is contrary to popular belief would be a great wrong. This is because without these different opinions there would be no need to justify those beliefs held widely. Lack of practice in explaining the attributes of certain beliefs will make them forgotten and these â€Å"truths† would lose meaning. Mill’s clarifies a misconception about truths with the following statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  truth always triumphs over persecution, is one intro to philosophy :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Intro to Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paper #2 Question 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet also known as the â€Å"information superhighway of the world†, is increasingly becoming the most prevalent form in which to gather and distribute information. This issue brings up a number of moral dilemmas concerning the lack of censorship and editorial monitoring in this immense communication system. Some of the questions that have arisen are whether or not freedom of speech should be controlled, to an extent, and if so where would those barriers be drawn. Also, should the truth behind Internet publications be monitored, access to inappropriate material be denied to certain individuals, and should laws be passed to prevent the exploitation of unknowing bystanders. These issues are not only controversial but also extremely complicated to pursue through legal terms and justifications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Amendment of the Constitution grants everyone in the United States the freedom of speech and press, thus the Internet phenomenon is protected regardless of the perverse nature which it is capable of presenting. Ultimately, it is possible for anyone to express his or her own beliefs, whether considered true or not, through the Internet. This in turn leads many unsuspecting youths and even some adults to believe the â€Å"lies† they read just because it is out there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Stuart Mill’s work, On Liberty explains Mill’s notion of freedom and his justifications behind his concepts. This work was originally published in 1859 but due to its advanced theories it is possible to apply these conceptions to the moral dilemmas the Internet possess. Mill’s philosophies are considered utilitarianistic, this means that the value something possesses is determined by its utility, also actions should be directed toward achieving the greatest happiness for the largest group of people. With this in mind we can further understand Mill’s theories on liberty, freedom and whether they should be controlled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mill’s explains that freedom of speech and expression are essential to the mental well being of mankind. To refuse a person the right to express their opinion because it is contrary to popular belief would be a great wrong. This is because without these different opinions there would be no need to justify those beliefs held widely. Lack of practice in explaining the attributes of certain beliefs will make them forgotten and these â€Å"truths† would lose meaning. Mill’s clarifies a misconception about truths with the following statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  truth always triumphs over persecution, is one

Red Bull Essay

What markets does Red Bull attempt to reach? How do marketing mix elements and target markets combine to form the firm’s marketing strategy? The marketing mix for Red Bull consists of the following: Product: Energy drink Price: $1. 99 (premium) Distribution: Across clubs and similar outlets, mass merchandisers Marketing Communication: Word-of-mouth to television advertising Red Bull attempts to reach extremists, sports enthusiasts, 18 to 24 year olds, women, as well as health conscious consumers, and recently age groups of 30 and above. Marketing mix elements and target markets combine to form Red Bull’s initial marketing strategy which reaches out to extremists, those who are into the adrenaline rushing sports and activities. Since Red Bull is an energy drink, this approach worked well. With the premium price and through word-of-mouth, Red Bull was able to maintain 70 percent of the market. However, as competition began to rise, Red Bull needed to market beyond the extreme market and toward age groups above 24 year olds. Still, competition continues to increase, and now Red Bull is expanding their target market to less extreme sports enthusiasts such as golfers, women, and health conscious consumers. By marketing toward golfers and women, Red Bull shows that anyone can enjoy their product and not just male extremists. Because consumers are becoming more health conscious, Red Bull produced their sugar-free version for those who want to watch their carbohydrates. Overall, as competition continues to increase, Red Bull’s marketing strategy has involved target market expansion as well as some product development and new advertising techniques. . What growth strategies seem to offer the most likely opportunities for the future? The growth strategies that seem to offer the most likely opportunities for Red Bull’s future are their expansion into less extreme sports and the female population. Because Red Bull is an energy drink, most consumers think that its primary purpose is to boost the ener gy of those who are hammering it out on the field, court, or wherever the action may be. However, Red Bull can be used as a simple pick me up when you’re feeling tired or just worn out. This can occur mostly in the work environment. By carrying a can of Red Bull, you can boost your energy level when it seems you’re not going to make it through the shift. Similarly, Red Bull’s initial target was not towards women. Currently, Red Bull is working on expanding their product to women who, just like men, can enjoy the boost Red Bull gives you. With the expansion of their target market, along with new advertising techniques, Red Bull can better promote their product and keep up with the competition instead of falling behind as they have been. 3. What ethical issues are faced by the company? The two predominant ethical issues that are faced by Red Bull are their choice for a target market and the uses for their drink. The specific target market in question is the 18 to 24 year olds. Red Bull has marketed to this particular group because it is comprised largely of college students. Red Bull can be used to give these college students an energy boost when they need to spend all night studying or just to have fun. The problem, however, is that the energy drink is full of caffeine and other ingredients which may prove harmful to those who consume too much at one time. Marketers of Red Bull realize that college students have a need for the extra boost of energy so they have pinpointed them for consumption of their energy drink. Critics believe large amounts of consumption may have harmful effects and this has raised many issues concerning the drink. The other issue is the use of Red Bull in alcoholic drinks. Concerns have risen regarding the mixture of alcohol and Red Bull because of the dangers associated with it. Alcohol by itself already causes numerous problems. If the energy drink full of caffeine is added to alcohol, the harm could become great. This in itself worries critics of Red Bull. Not only does the drink by itself cause concerns, but mixing alcohol with it raises even more issues. 4. As Red Bull expands to other countries, what international marketing issues must be considered? With their international expansion, Red Bull’s marketers must take into account the selection of an entry strategy and deciding on a strategic orientation. Red Bull must choose between three options for an entry strategy: exporting, direct investment, or joint ventures. For strategic orientation, Red Bull has the choice of a standardized marketing strategy or a customized marketing strategy. By choosing a standardized marketing strategy, Red Bull would develop and implement the same product, price, distribution, and promotion in all international markets. On the other hand, with a customized strategy, Red Bull would develop and implement a different targeting mix for each target market country. Like with any expansion situation, Red Bull needs to study the markets within the international countries. Just because their marketing techniques work in the United States, doesn’t mean they’ll work the same internationally. Every country is different. Every market segment is different. For instance, demand and product usage differs from market segment to market segment. Red Bull must also take into account government regulations and laws as they differ from country to country. Not only that, but Red Bull has to realize differences in consumer behavior patterns as well as competition. As Red Bull plans to expand international, there are many aspects they must take into account before doing so. If Red Bull wants to be successful, they must spend a tremendous amount of time researching all the international markets in order to become more aware of each segments needs and desires.

Journey to Sakhalin

The Saline project was the first Russian production-sharing agreement (AS) with foreign corporations. A AS is a commercial contract between investor(s) who are willing to make a large, long term and high risk investments with the host country that has the natural recourses (usually oil and/or gas) to exploit. The terms behind AAAS are usually deferent than regular commercial contracts, as they usually bypass some of the regulations that the host country imposes on foreign Investments.The agreements also last for the Lifetime of the project. Under the terms of the AS, the investing company gets the larger share of venues at the beginning of the contract to recoup the cost of investment. As time goes by, the net revenues (revenues after the cost of operations) are shared between the investment companies and the host country, usually a 20/80 split. AAAS are controversial In Russia because they bypass some of the taxes and licenses that a foreign company would have to pay.Previous foreig n companies had worked In Russia under the regular tax system, therefore It was argued that AAAS don't treat all businesses equally and create a sense of unfairness. Furthermore, AAAS apply only to Greenfield.. Greenfield are unexploited, undeveloped large pieces of lands with exploitable resources, and some circles felt that Russia should not cheaply bargain away these coveted lands. AAAS are agreements between the foreign direct investors (FED) and the federal Russian government; thereby limiting the power of the mid-level establishment, traditionally and politically a powerful group In Russian Pollock.At the time of the agreement, the local Saline Government, led by Governor Igor Verification, was a key player in the decision, mainly because Verification was politically influential and in favor of the project. After the fall of the communist regime, Russian GAP fell by 50% and up to half of the population was living below the poverty line. Oil and gas constituted the main export earnings of Russia, whose borders encompassed the largest supply of gas In the world (30%). Attempts by Russia to privative state-owned energy firms had mixed results.The OLL Industry produced a number of vertically integrated firms such as Skidpan and Subnet, which formed the basics of a competitive environment. Conversely, prevarication of the gas industry produced a single, dominant company: Gazpacho. At times, it appeared that he Russian Government acted on behalf of Gazpacho due to the significantly higher impact this Industry had on the Russian economy, and because It was a 38% stakeholder In the company. As Gazpacho controlled 20% of the worlds gas production, tenure were gallants political Interests escalated Witt ten development of this industry in Russia.Thus far, Russian's exports were mainly to Europe, as Russia had been unable to build pipelines to East Asia and Japan. The energy sector constituted 20% of GAP, and Gazpacho alone was responsible for 8%. The growing econo mies of the Far East, combined with Russian's need to exploit its oil and gas serves (both for economic reasons, as well as for political influence) helped push Russia to seek Foreign Direct Investment (FED). Russia also required foreign expertise, as transportation of gas to Asia would require a Liquefied Natural Gas (LONG) facility; something they did not have the technical ability to create.Foreign partnerships then offered the fastest and most efficient way of developing previously inaccessible resource field as well as exporting to new markets. Previous administrative scandals (BP Amoco) showed Russia to be politically and financially risky, causing a decrease in FED. A AS agreement would prove a good faith gesture from Russia that it was ready to enter the world economy, and to overcome the bureaucratic history and corruption that has scared away foreign companies.Shell would not have invested $108 in the Saline II project [exhibit 1] without a AS. Russia needed this first AS to attract future FED, and as such would likely be most generous with the terms of its first AS. Successful execution of a AS by Shell, could create future opportunities to exploit additional Greenfield development in Russia. Despite these advantages, there were several downsides. Protectionism by members of the Russian Dumb meant that this AS was rapidly becoming politicized and might face ongoing challenges..One term of the AS was that Saline Energy Investment Company (SIC) needed to use 70% Russian labor and goods for the part of the project measured as measured man- hours and volume of material; however the oil industry in Russia was mainly functioning on ground and had very little experience with offshore activities as exampled by Russian's inability to build and maintain a Liquefied Natural Gas (LONG) plant. The terms of this part of the agreement were particularly vague, as it was roll defined what would be considered Russian â€Å"content† in the project.Additionally, enforcement of the AS would be difficult due to the geographical remoteness of the project. * Investments in Saline did not Just include the production facilities, but also contributions to the local administration. SIC was responsible for the upgrade (or construction) of the island infrastructure as well as other wish-lists of improvements. The SIC also had to provide local community sponsorships of facilities, scholarships and grants as well as maintaining good relationships with environmental activists. Saline Island is a pristine environment.In order to be successful, social and public relations have to be a priority, which could prove to be challenging since the business of exploiting oil and gas is usually brutal to the environment as well as the economic and social landscape of local communities. Care in negotiations had to be achieved in order to sponsor projects that would keep the local residents happy and friendly, and yet keep a tight control on spending for these proje cts and not inflame environmentalists. * Navigation of local politics was also a challenge.In the first stages of a project like this, good relations with local government employees are sometimes more important than relations with politicians higher up in ten unlearning as most approvals are cone locally. As ten project progressed, Ethereal authorities became more important as Putting attempted to reinstitution central authority. Another obstacle was the legal system. Difficulties and delays in obtaining approvals for the Technical and Economic Substantiation for Construction (TCO) as well as a lack of stabilization in the Russian legal system endangered the project as it would not proceed as scheduled without them.Without changes to the legal system, arms of the Saga's agreements that conflicted with current Russian laws could not be enforced and increased the risks associated with the investment. Despite these obstacles Shell should invest in Saline. There are very few Greenfield available with the production capacity of Saline. Exploitation of non-developed lands allows for the building of new technology instead of maintaining old equipment. This is more efficient and therefore more profitable. The initial costs are lower as there is no need to dismantle old facilities to build new ones.It allows Shell to gain a foothold in Russia which has a large reserves of oil and gas. When at full capacity, Saline could produce up to 5% of the world LONG needs making this a critical strategic investment for Russia. Russia needs to rebuild its economy and is now ready to offer better deals then it would in the future. It does not have the technology to build offshore platforms and LONG producing capabilities. It needs these facilities to access new markets and the location of Saline in the Arctic has great potential in these regards.The Saline II AS agreement has terms that will be difficult to match in the future and has the advantage of reducing the influence of the R ussian oligarchy in the business dealings. Russia would not Jeopardize its standing as a 68 country and is motivated to have successful foreign investments. Of course one company to watch is Gazpacho. It is a major player in Russian politics and may feel threatened to have the East Asian market closed to them. Shell should be open to the idea of having Gazpacho be part of the Consortium.To mitigate the risk, Shell should try to attract more investors to distribute the risk, at least at the beginning while costs are high, then buy the shares back once production brings in stable revenues. They should follow the given requirements very carefully and ensure that they keep maintain heir end of the bargain by hiring the requisite local contractors and labor force. Shell should behave as a good neighbor as much as possible by making sure that the environment is being taken care of.Natural resource industries require large capital investments and are politically difficult to navigate. They have such a significant geopolitical impact that the Coos of these companies do not make agreements with the heads of other companies, but rather with heads of state. Their decisions do not just affect the shareholders of the company, but also the access of energy by their win country as well. If the political climate changes with a new government hostile to the home country of the company, no commercial contract can be legally enforced.A company could lose all of its investments in the host country should they be removed from the operations while the plants and equipment remain. Depending on the level of hostility and the impact the resources of a country have on the global energy supply, escalation may involve military force to secure indispensable resources. Usually the countries with the companies that have the most technical expertise do to own the lands that contain the resources and the countries with the resources do not have the technical expertise to exploit them.It creat es a mutual (although wary) Interdependence. An 011 company cannot easily select to another site Ana move Its platforms, refineries and pipelines, while the host country cannot operate the equipment without the technical knowledge of the companies (which is the company's only leverage). Both sides need to do a a diplomatic dance, constantly negotiating give and takes on the exploitation of these resources. Exhibit 1: Saline 2 project

Effects of sugar speech Research Paper Example

Effects of sugar speech Research Paper Example Effects of sugar speech Paper Effects of sugar speech Paper Today I am going to tell you all about sugar by describing what it really is, the main forms it exists in, its effects on the body, and how we can avoid it. Body: I. Sugar is the simple name for the sweet, short-chained, simple carbohydrate used in foods. Sugar is broken down into two categories; simple incarcerations such as glucose, fructose, and calaboose, and complex disaccharide such as sucrose, maltose, and lactose. A. Sugar is a very calorie dense food with no nutritional value. Not all calories act the same way, calories from sugar are more fattening than any other calorie. A study done y Mind, Body, Green concluded that In the American diet added sugar alone accounts for 496 calories per day. B. A major problem in the food industry is that sugars are hidden in almost all of our foods and we dont even realize we are eating them. Hidden names for sugar include High Fructose Corn Syrup, Malnutrition, glucose, cane crystals, and many more. Some high sugar foods that we may not expect are; BBC sauce, with 16 grams of sugar per 2 tablespoons, low-fat yogurt, with 30 grams of sugar per 8 ounces, fruit juice, with 23 grams of sugar per 8 fluid ounces, and soda with 29 grams of sugar per 8 fluid ounces. According to Forbes, an adult should not be consuming more than 40 grams of sugar per day. However, the average American consumes over 90 grams per day. Many companies are now producing low fat versions of their foods but all they are really doing is taking out fat and adding more sugar, which just ends up turning to fat. II. Now that you have an overview of sug ar will go into detail about some of the different types, focusing on Glucose and Fructose. A. There are three different types of macroeconomics sugars. The first, called glucose, is a naturally occurring sugar found in fruits and vegetables. The second, called fructose, is another naturally occurring sugar found in fruits, root vegetables, cane sugar, and honey. It is also the sweetest of all the sugars. The third, called calaboose, is a milk sugar and is less sweet then glucose and fructose. B. There are also three different types of disaccharide sugars. The first, called sucrose, is found in sugar cane and used in table sugar. The second, called maltose, is found in grains and is the least sweet of the sugars. The third, called lactose, is found in milk. C. Glucose is one of the main sugars we consume and is also the safest. This is the type of sugar that our cells use for energy and it also produces insulin in the pancreas. Its downside is that it causes the liver to produce a substance called very low density lepidopterist or BLVD d. Sucrose and High Fructose Corn Syrup, or HUFFS, is the other main sugar we consume and also the most damaging. Sucrose is 40% fructose and HUFFS is 55% fructose. The reason for why it is so bad for you lies in how our body processes it. It can only be metabolize by your liver, which causes it to contain more calories, about 3 times the amount in glucose. It also results in a higher production folds. Fructose releases a substance called lepton to the brain which causes you to not feel full, resulting in a larger consumption of the fructose containing food. E. There is also a very big difference between processed sugar and UN-processed sugar. The fructose contained in fruit is k because fruit is very high in fiber, which causes you to feel full so you wont eat as much. Processed sugar has all of the fiber stripped from it which is why you will never feel full. Ill. Now Im going to focus on fructose and its effects on the body. Unfortunately, fructose is the main sugar in almost all foods that we eat. This is unfortunate because it is the most calorie dense and unhealthy sugar that exists. A. The most basic effect is tooth decay. Decay created by Sugar is faster than decay created by any other substance. B. The second effect is its relation to belly fat. In the past 30 years adolescent obesity rates have tripled and child rates have doubled. Americas sugar intake has also doubled in this time period and the main blame lies on our fructose-filled beverages. Fructose intake matures visceral fat cells, setting the stage for an increased amount of fat. C. The third effect is that it damages both the heart ND the liver. The American Heart Association displays strong evidence that sugar can affect the pumping mechanism of your heart and could increase your risk for heart failure?. A Journal in Nature Magazine suggests that sugar also has detrimental effects on your liver and companies should be putting the same labels on sugar that they do on alcohol. It states that while fructose is being metabolize by the liver, it damages these metabolic pathways and leads to several problems down the road. D. The fourth effect of fructose is its interference with immune function. Sugar has been proven to suppress immune responses. This is because the bacteria and yeast found in our bodies feed on sugar and when these organisms get out of balance, we are more likely to contract an illness or infection. E. The last effect Im going to discuss is advanced aging. After entering your blood stream a percent of all sugar attaches itself to a protein in a process called glaciating. This leads to loss of elasticity in both our skin and our organs. IV. Now that have told you all of the horrible things about refined and processed sugars you are probably wondering what to do about it. Your main goal should be to stick to trial sugars and eat them in moderation. Try and get most of your daily 40 grams of sugar through fruits but if you need to satisfy a sweet tooth or need to use sugar in baking there are lots Of natural sugars that work just as well and are much more nutrient dense. A. Raw honey is a great natural sweetener and works well in place of white sugar while baking. It is a natural antibacterial and it boosts the immune system, promotes digestive health, and is very high in antioxidants. It also stabilized blood pressure and helps to balance blood sugar levels. B. Pure Maple syrup is another great natural whitener that works well in place of brown sugar while baking. It contains only evaporated maple tree sap and is very high in manganese and zinc. C. There are also several other natural sugars that you may not know very much about. Steven is a sweetener extracted from a Steven plant. It IS all natural and about 300 times sweeter than table sugar. It is not very nutrient dense but it contains no calories and will not change blood sugar levels. Date sugar is simply dried dated pulverize into a powder. It is very sweet and works well replacing either white or brown sugar in recipes. Coconut sugar contains iron, Inc, calcium, and potassium as well as several antioxidants. It is also high in fiber and has very minimal effects on blood sugar levels. D. Other than using natural sugars it is important to stay away from both low-fat foods and sweeteners labeled as artificial sweetener. This is because, as mentioned before, when companies produce low fat foods they are usually just taking Out the fat and adding loads of Sugar, which is much worse for you. You should try and avoid artificial sweeteners because they are extremely processed and loaded with chemicals, which again, ends up being worse for you than sugar itself.

Why Presidents Use So Many Pens to Sign Bills Into Law

Why Presidents Use So Many Pens to Sign Bills Into Law Presidents often use several pens to sign a bill into law, a tradition dates back nearly a century  and continues to this day. President Donald Trump, for example, used several bill-signing pens on his first day in office when he put his signature on his first executive order,  instructing federal agencies to uphold the Affordable Care Act while also  working to minimize the unwarranted economic and regulatory burdens on American citizens and companies. Trump used so many pens and handed them out as souvenirs on Jan. 20, 2017, the day he was sworn into office, that he joked to staff: â€Å"I think we’re going to need some more pens, by the way ... The government is getting stingy, right?† Oddly enough, before Trump,  President Barack Obama  used nearly two dozen pens to sign that same legislation into law in  2010. Thats a lot of pens. Unlike his predecessor, Trump uses gold-plated pens from  A.T. Cross Co.  based in Rhode Island. The companys suggested retail price for the pens is $115 apiece. The practice of using several pens isnt universal, however. Obamas predecessor, President George W. Bush, never used more than one pen to sign a bill into law. Tradition   The first president to use more than one pen to sign a bill into law was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who served in the White House from March 1933 until April 1945. According to Bradley H. Pattersons To Serve the President: Continuity and Innovation in the White House Staff, the president used several pens to sign bills of high public interest during signing ceremonies in the Oval Office. Most presidents now use multiple pens to sign those bills into law. So what did the president do with all those pens? He gave them away, most of the time. Presidents gave the pens as commemorative souvenirs to members of Congress or other dignitaries who had been active in getting the legislation passed.  Each pen was presented in a special box bearing the presidential seal and the name of the president who did the signing,  Patterson writes. Valuable Souvenirs Jim Kratsas of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum told National Public Radio in 2010 that presidents have been using multiple pens so they can distribute them to lawmakers and others who were instrumental in shepherding the legislation through Congress at least since President Harry Truman was in office. As Time magazine put it: The more pens a President uses, the more thank-you gifts he can offer to those who helped create that piece of history. The pens used by presidents to sign important pieces of legislation are considered valuable and have shown up for sale in some cases. One pen showed up for sale on the Internet for $500. Examples Most modern presidents use more than one pen to sign landmark legislation into law.   President Bill Clinton used four pens to sign the  Line-Item Veto. He gave the pens to former Presidents  Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W. Bush, according to an account of the signing by Time magazine.Obama used 22 pens to sign health care reform legislation into law in March of 2010. He used a different pen for each letter or half letter of his name. This is gonna take a little while, Obama said. According to the Christian Science Monitor, it took Obama 1 minute and 35 seconds to sign the bill using those 22 pens.​President Lyndon Johnson used 72 pens when he signed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Diveristy Action Plan for Verizon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diveristy Action Plan for Verizon - Essay Example The company also offers communication solution like faxing and voicemail solutions, information and data management solutions, conference web meetings and integrated message and communication services. Verizon Inc has to set up a diversity action plan that defines initiatives and assessment of the diverse services and products offered by the company. Training the employees in diverse field is very important to encourage innovation and creativity since the current competition in the world needs a lot of revolution to conform to globalization. By doing so, Verizon Inc would be able to develop their strongholds, eliminate or rectify their limitation, exploit new opportunities ahead of their competitors as well as protecting itself from external and internal susceptibility to pressure (O'Brien 2004). Verizon Inc is a local company in the US with a potential of growing to multinational level since it's well established and it already has a good reputation. Prospective countries include Canada, Britain, Brazil, china and India especially European market and the emerging economies. The future of Verizon Inc is very dependent on the customers and the increasing use of technology in the co untry and the whole world at large. Verizon has a significant improvement in the number of customer and the trend is expected to keep on increasing in the future. Most of the users are family members and about 7.35 share their phones with other family members (Lee & Epstein 2007). Other cell phone users are the businesses and cover a little fraction of verizon customers but with a marked steady increase of about 23% per year. Verizon customers are choosy and only respond the best offers and this has stimulated a lot of innovations at the firm attracting over 17% new customers who come to sample new products and services. Of all their customers, about 9.1% have interest in watching video on their cell phones. Employee mix is the major strategy to achieve development since they are the ones who bring out the production and develop the products. Since the information and communication technology industry is the fastest growing in terms of technology creativity and innovations, workers in this sector need to be updated with the current changes and developments. Verizon is setting the trend in innovation in communications on the global market with help of its able staff. The company has over 238, 000 employees, 38% of them are in the management while 34 % are the junior staffs who are very active and trained in the new technologies. Workshops and other development seminars are very critical and are always carried out regularly. Over 40% of the employees are represented in the union (Lee & Epstein 2007). Diversity within Verizon Some of the opportunities Verizon Communications Inc, capitalizes on include price reductions, improved productivity, diversity in brands, and less complex distribution channels involved. Verizon Communications Inc has established a tradition of using indirect procurement activities in its marketing strategy that have varied height of development (Lee & Epstein 2007). The company has managed to ensure countrywide consistency in service despite set backs it receives from parent companies. Verizon Communications Inc continues to integrate and implement the common best

Greek Current Event Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greek Current Event Reflections - Essay Example The organizations termed as Greek because their nomenclatures consisted of Greek letters that were serving as reminder of the value of the group. Fraternities have been a significant part of the co-curricular experiences as well as the norm in Northern Arizona University. The sororities have supported university mission through promoting community services, leadership skills and to a large-scale involvement in the broad university community. Self-governance and self-control have been the backbone to good citizenship among sororities. Therefore, the elected leaders in the organizations are usually responsible for all the action and decision of their respective chapters. It means that, these leaders are responsible for setting proper moral standards for other cohorts as well as educating members existing policies that hold them together. In essence, the pursuit of academic excellence is an imperative aspect of the sorority and fraternity experience. For example, fraternities in Northern Arizona University must meet the minimum requirement stated by the university so as to graduate (NAU, P. 1-16). Since fraternities are involved in the dynamic association in life including academics and social life, Greek organizations are occasionally faced with challenges in their daily life. Social events have been noted to affect several sororities because their members attend clubs and other social functions that may influence an individual’s character. Drug abuse especially alcohol affects the health of fraternity members and most of the members usually consume it out of peer pressure. Initiation process of the new recruits and neophytes may turn out to be abusive, for example, sexual assaults, criminal behaviours and secret cults that the novice is not aware. These have led to the Greek societies getting a lot of condemnation from the public.  Moreover,  some of the parents do advise their children not to join the fraternity and